This list uses some data from Catalog of Fishes (not shown but used to sort names). Unless it is explicitly precised, the list is not complete, please search all original names published for the family in the Catalog of Fishes ( genera, species), including those with uncertain or unknown status, that are not included in FishBase when they are not attached to a valid species. In particular, for published scientific, we suggest then to cite it in the Material and Method section as a useful tool to conduct the research, but again, not as a taxonomic or nomenclatural authority reference. However, we think it can be useful for users to assess the quality of information in FishBase, to start new work on the family, or to cross-check with other lists.īut we appreciate to be cited in publications when this list has been of any working value. Rather, it reflects the current content of FishBase, and the progress with respect to synchronization with the Catalog of Fishes. All larvae and postlarvae so far known are pelagic (Ref. New World species occurring inshore to subtidal depths and at least two reports of specimens taken upstream in rivers. 7463).īathymetric distribution relatively wide, with Old World genera known primarily from outer continental shelves and continental slopes to 2,000-3,000 m one species known from 4,000 m. Bottom dwellers feed on small invertebrates and fishes (Ref. 50473).Ĭapable of walking on the bottom using their large armlike pectoral and smaller pelvic fins. In many species, pelvic and anal fins are relatively thick-skinned and stout for supporting the body off the substrate (Ref.
All other batfishes are strongly depressed for benthic life. Species of the genus Coelophrys, with globose bodies and tiny pelvic fins, evidently are benthopelagic. Maximum length 40 cm, usually 20 cm (Ref. Variation in squamation useful in diagnosing species (Ref. Exceptions are structures associated with lateral line organs these usually scale-like or boat-shaped, perforated for the emergent neuromast. Tubercles elaborately sculptured with bosses or crests or simple pyramids without strong relief but very enlarged and with thick, strong terminal spines. Tubercles tiny, with long terminal spines, making fish look as if covered with coarse hair to large and strongly calcified with bases close together, making fish appear to be encased in a thick carapace. Scales always present, as highly variable, pyramid-shaped tubercles.
Pectoral rays 10-19 pelvic I, 5 caudal 9. Soft dorsal fin small, usually present, 1-6 rays lying posterior to the head. Gills 2 or 2.5 first gill arch reduced and without filaments (Ref.
Gill opening located in or above base of pectoral fin. The illicial cavity, with its anterior opening, encloses the esca upon retraction of the illicium. Relatively short illicium (composed primarily of the modified pterygiophore of the first fin spine, remnant of second present. Body usually considerably depressed and flattened ventrally (box-shaped in Coelophrys). In turn, the increased IL-12 production at the tumor site activates the immune system by promoting the activation of natural killer cells (NKs), inducing secretion of interferon-gamma (IFN-g) and promoting cytotoxic T-cell responses against tumor cells.Distribution: worldwide in tropical and subtropical seas except absent from the Mediterranean Sea (Ref. Upon intraperitoneal (IP) delivery of the PEG-PEI-cholesterol lipopolymer-encased IL-12 DNA plasmid vector GEN-1, the lipoplex is endocytosed by nearby cells, and the plasmid DNA is transported into the nucleus, which leads to local expresssion of IL-12. PEG-PEI-cholesterol Lipopolymer-encased IL-12 DNA Plasmid Vector GEN-1Ī nanoparticle-based formulation composed of a non-viral plasmid DNA vector encoding the human pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) encapsulated in a biodegradable, biocompatible lipoplex composed of polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyethylenimine (PEI), and cholesterol, with potential immunoactivating and antineoplastic activities.
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